Guide to Plumbing Systems for New Home Seekers: What to Look For
When searching for a new home, plumbing is one of the most important aspects to consider, even though it might not be as visible as other features like flooring or appliances. A well-maintained plumbing system can save you from expensive repairs, water damage, and ongoing maintenance issues. Here’s a breakdown of the key things to look for when assessing the plumbing system in a potential home:
Water Pressure
What to Look For: Turn on the faucets and showerheads to check the water pressure in bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry areas.
Why It Matters: Low water pressure can be a sign of a clogged pipe, a leak, or a water heater issue. It’s important to ensure that the pressure is consistent throughout the home.
Age of the Plumbing System
What to Look For: Ask the seller about the age of the plumbing, as older systems may need more frequent repairs or replacements.
Why It Matters: Older pipes, especially those made of galvanized steel or cast iron, can corrode, crack, or become blocked over time. Modern materials like PEX or copper are more durable and resistant to issues like rust.
Type of Pipes
What to Look For: Inspect exposed pipes in basements or crawl spaces to determine the material. Common materials include copper, PEX, PVC, and galvanized steel.
Why It Matters: Copper and PEX are generally reliable and long-lasting, while older materials like galvanized steel are more prone to corrosion. Homes built before the 1980s may have lead pipes, which should be replaced for health and safety reasons.
Visible Leaks and Water Damage
What to Look For: Check the ceilings, walls, and floors for signs of water stains, mold, or mildew. Look under sinks for any signs of leakage.
Why It Matters: Even small leaks can lead to major water damage over time, potentially compromising the structure of the home. Pay attention to any unusual dampness or musty odors, as these could be indicators of hidden plumbing issues.
Water Heater
What to Look For: Find out the age, size, and condition of the water heater. Check if it's a traditional tank model or a newer tankless system.
Why It Matters: Water heaters have a lifespan of 10-15 years, and replacing them can be costly. Older water heaters might need frequent repairs. Tankless water heaters will occasionally require special maintenance and perform slightly differently from tank models, so it may be an adjustment for people who have never had a tankless system before.
Drainage and Sewer System
What to Look For: Test all drains in the house (sink, shower, toilet) to see how quickly the water drains. Slow drains or gurgling noises might indicate issues with the main sewer line.
Why It Matters: A clogged or damaged sewer line can lead to costly repairs. If possible, request a sewer inspection (e.g., a video camera inspection) to ensure the system is in good condition and free of blockages or tree root intrusion.
Water Filtration System
What to Look For: Check if the home has any water filtration or softening system, particularly in areas with hard water. Look for under-sink filters or whole-house systems.
Why It Matters: Water quality is important for both health and home maintenance. A water softener or filter may be necessary, particularly if the area has hard water, which can damage appliances and plumbing over time. If you’re uncertain if the area has hard water you can check online statistics and have a simple hard water test done.
Sump Pump
What to Look For: If the home has a basement or lower level, check for a sump pump system to prevent flooding during heavy rains.
Why It Matters: Sump pumps help to keep water from accumulating in basements. Ensure the sump pump is working properly, and consider its age to avoid unexpected failures.
Plumbing Fixtures
What to Look For: Inspect faucets, showerheads, toilets, and other plumbing fixtures for signs of wear and tear. Ensure that faucets don’t drip, toilets don’t run, and drains are free of clogs.
Why It Matters: Faulty fixtures can waste water and increase utility bills. It's a good idea to replace outdated or inefficient fixtures to reduce maintenance costs and improve efficiency.
Shutoff Valves
What to Look For: Ensure that all important shutoff valves (especially the main water shutoff) are easily accessible and in working condition.
Why It Matters: A working shutoff valve allows you to quickly turn off the water supply in case of an emergency, preventing damage from plumbing failures or leaks.
Plumbing Inspections
Consider hiring a professional plumber to conduct a thorough inspection of the plumbing system before you make an offer on the home.
Why It Matters: A plumber can spot potential issues that may not be immediately apparent, such as hidden leaks, clogs, or outdated materials, giving you peace of mind before committing to the purchase.
Final Thoughts
While it’s tempting to focus on the aesthetic aspects of a potential home, don’t overlook the plumbing system. Ensuring the plumbing is in good condition will not only save you from costly repairs but also make your home more comfortable and functional for years to come. If you’re unsure about any part of the plumbing system, it’s always a good idea to hire a professional plumber for a more detailed evaluation.
